Subject: Basic Knowledge of Surgical Biomaterials for Students of Pharmacy
Year, semester: 4th year, 2nd semester, 4–11 weeks
Credit points: 3
Number of lessons
- lecture: 8 hours
- seminar: 16 hours
- practice: 8 hours
Aim of the subject
The main aim is to acquire up-to-date theoretical and practical knowledge that is appropriate to the modern age and the students can get acquainted with the basic methods, that can help the pharmacists to be familiar with the basic surgical interventions and the required materials during their work. The students have to learn the characteristics and the means of application of the biomaterials (suturing materials, bioplasts, tissue adhesives, catheters, drains, stoma bags, urine condoms, incontinence pads) that can be used during the surgical practice. They should have the knowledge of the manual interventions that they may need during pharmacological experimental work. A further aim is to improve manual skills. They have to possess the basic knowledge and skills for catastrophe, in order to be capable to help in manual (operative) – often life-saving – activity. They should have the basic knowledge to be able to inform patients, which is part of the work done by the dynamic team of a doctor and pharmacist.
Tematics
1st week
- Lecture: General and surgical deontology. Surgical armamentarium.
- Seminar: Cutting, hemostatic, grasping-retracting, special and suturing instruments. Order of the instrumental trays and tables. Handling and sterilization of the instruments.
2nd week
- Lecture: Wound closure and the required surgical biomaterials.
- Seminar: Classification, package, application fields, storage, sterilization and quality control of suture materials.
- Practice: Surgical needles, suture materials, knotting and suturing techniques.
3rd week
- Lecture: Operating room environment, order of the operating work. Scrubbing and the required materials. Preparations for the operation, isolation of the operative field.
- Seminar: Instrumental order on the operative tables. Disinfection and isolation of the operative field.
- Practice: Scrubbing. Wound closure with different suturing techniques on surgical training models.
4th week
- Lecture: Hemostasis. Methods and the required materials. Injection techniques and blood sampling. Punction, preparation and cannulation of vessels.
- Seminar: Basics of hemorheology.
- Practice: Ligation of vessels on gauze models. Vein preparation/cannulation, injection techniques (i.m., i.v.) and taking blood samples on phantom models.
5th week
- Lecture: Fluid substitution. Infusion solutions and their application. Blood preparations. Enteral and parenteral nutrition.
- Seminar: Different types of infusion accessories. Demonstration of the infusion pump. Preparing mixture infusion, calorie calculation.
- Practice: Preparing the infusion set and connecting it to the venous catheter. Different types and use of blood pressure gauge.
6th week
- Lecture: Surgical incisions and laparotomies. Endoscopic techniques. Basic principals of intestinal surgery.
- Seminar: Video-demonstration of laparotomies. Wound types. Principles of wound care. Wound dressings. Definition, types and application of catheters and drains. Catheterization of urinary bladder. Incontinence and its treatment. Urine condoms. Types and handling of stoma bags.
7th week
- Lecture: Insight into the surgery of the parenchymal organs. Bioplasts and tissue adhesives and their application field. Conicotomy, tracheostomy. Basic principles of vascular surgery.
- Seminar: Application of tissue adhesives and bioplasts.Conicotomy and tracheostomy. Reconstruction of blood vessel and the required biomaterials (video demonstration).
8th week
- Lecture: Ethical issues for animal research. Animal care, ethical problems, permissions. Keeping and treatment of experimental and laboratory small animals (mouse, rat). Narcosis and anesthesia of experimental animals. Intraoperative monitoring, registration of various parameters.
- Seminar: Requirements of ISO, GLP. Preclinical experiments in pharmacology. Technique of dissection of isolated organs (heart, vessel, muscle, bowel preparates). In vivo techniques and models. Extermination, autopsy and taking samples of experimental animals. Self Control Test
Compulsory reading
Basic Surgical Techniques for Faculty of Medicine, 3rd enlarged edition, Mikó I., Furka I., Debrecen University Press, 2011. ISBN: 978-963-318-145-4.
Requirements
The practices are based on the lectures, so the students can hardly meet the requirements at the practices without theoretical knowledge. The lectures and seminars/practices are strictly built on each other, so it is difficult to make up missed classes. Compensation for missed seminars/practices should be according to the Rules and Regulations of the University of Debrecen. If the student is absent from more than 20% of all teaching hours (6 out of 32) without any acceptable reason, the Department may refuse to sign the Lecture Book. Besides the suggested reading materials the hand-outs are also part of the curriculum. Performance is assessed on the five-grade scale (AW5) and it is based on the work though the curriculum and completion of the final written test at the end of the course.
Condition for registration of the subject
Pharmaceutical technology IV. theory and practice